Circumstance
A circumstance expresses the exogenous dependencies of a measure parameter’s output value. Here, the plural “dependencies” is used to indicate that the relationship between the circumstance and the measure can be thought of as a tensor field of arbitrary order on a non-Euclidean manifold and, therefore, can be very complicated.  
Combustion Products Topical Analysis and Descriptive Topical Parameterization
One portion of a NASA technical note (NASA TN D-5452 "Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of Air and the Combustion Products of Natural Gas and of ASTM-A-1 Fuel with Air") is topically analyzed as an example of the process.   read more.
Upon Evaluation
The abstract notion of a "value" is defined for the System Engineering context, with a mild support from certain topological principles.   read more.
Value
(1) In the technical vernacular, a value is the exact amount of some particular property, usually represented as a number. (2) As generally used herein, a value is a non-empty set of points in a space associated with a topical parameter. This notion arises because exact amounts are rarely encountered outside of theoretical constructs1. ... read more